Generally speaking, in modern social life, the name of a person is the code of a person. In fact, the names of people in each specific era are not only the symbols that distinguish people from people, but also the reflection of the mirrors and concepts of culture. It reflects the social thoughts, beliefs, customs, moral values, values, cultural psychology and aesthetic concepts at that time. According to research, people in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties had the following thoughts when they were named: pray for immortality, longing for wealth and wealth, in addition to illness, advocating martial arts, named after the birthplace and birth time or easy-to-follow animals. There are some philosophical tendencies that pay attention to loyalty, loyalty, loyalty, respect and respect for the elderly. These ideological tendencies when the ancients were named are well documented both in the handed down literature and in the unearthed relics. As an ancient seal that records the names of ancient people, it can best reflect the above ideas. On the basis of full reference to relevant literature and ancient seals, the following is a systematic discussion on the characteristics of the characters used in the pre-Qin and Qin-Han periods and their reflected tendencies.
First, pray for wealth and wealth
Since human beings entered the class society, the main purpose of people's participation in social activities is to make their lives rich and happy. The massive possession of wealth was the primary purpose of people's participation in social activities at the time. The ancients often used auspicious words such as "get rich" as their own name, so as to bless one day to realize their wishes. Such words are often encountered in ancient literature, such as 富贵、长富、富昌、富之、千万、百万、长利、常利、广利、常有、将有、独利、利上、买之、贾之、市之、多酒, and so on. At the same time, in the pre-Qin period, productivity was not very developed. As a currency of general equivalence, there was no strict and uniform regulation. To a certain extent, the amount of livestock and grain became a measure of wealth. Therefore, some names can also reflect the desire for livestock or grain, such as Hongyang, Duo Niu, Duohe and so on. During the Western Han Dynasty, with the establishment of the unified feudal dynasty and the increasingly stable society, the social economy has been greatly developed, and people's emphasis on "financial interests" has surpassed any previous era. At that time, people's efforts to pursue the "financial interest" were not only recorded in the handed down literature and archaeological materials, but also fully reflected in the Chinese and Indian languages. People engrave words with auspicious meanings on seals, or wear them with them, or put them in the desk at home, in order to bless the realization of their wishes as soon as possible. Such as 大利、巨万、来富、至富、大富、长富、日富、日利、千金、千万、万匹、千石、万石, etc. These auspicious words inscribed on the seal are exactly the same as the auspicious terms used in the middle-aged names of the same period. Their functions are the same, in order to pray for more profit.
Although the status of wealth and honor has always been a matter of hunger. "But in the pre-Qin and even earlier, people are most eager to "have wealth", followed by the yearning for honorable status. In the literature of the pre-Qin period, the words "prestige identity" were used as the name of the person. In the Han Dynasty, with the stability of the society and the development of the economy, people combined wealth with honorable status. While eager to have wealth, they were more eager to prosper themselves in the official career and make themselves honorable. In the Han Dynasty In the seal of the name, the content that can reflect this kind of thinking is: 宜官、利官、富贵、长贵、常贵、日贵、益贵、日光、长光、常光、大光、万光、益光, etc.
Second, pray for longevity
In order to make one's life rich and noble and safe and auspicious is one of the main purposes of the ancients to participate in social activities, that is, the so-called "福". In ancient times, wealth, honor, and longevity were called happiness. Wealth, honor, and longevity are important parts of people’s "福". In ancient China, people began to pay attention to the use of various methods for health care. At that time, many alchemists either concentrated on cultivation or refining medicinal herbs to make them prolong their lives. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, many people not only paid attention to cultivation or taking medicinal herbs, but also used the words of praying for health and longevity in their own names to protect themselves from happiness and longevity. Such as: 延寿、延世、延年、万年、万岁、多年、彭祖、万纪、寿王、君寿、寿臣、寿成、千秋、长寿、益寿、久长、鹤年、龟年、续世、广年、增纪、寿贵 and so on. There are many greetings in the ancient seals, such as: 长寿、寿乐、安寿、永寿、寿庆、延寿、千秋、日寿、和福、寿福, etc.
Coexisting with the longevity of happiness is the aversion to disease. Due to the limitations of ancient medical conditions, disease is one of the greatest scourges in people's lives. Therefore, the desire to drive disease and disease is also an important goal that people are pursuing. Many names can reflect the ancient people's desire for disease-free and disaster-free. Such as 去疾、除疾、疾瘳、疾已、弃疾、疾去、病北、去热、热已、痤愈, etc. Some famous figures in history such as 霍去病 (Huo Qubing) and 辛弃疾 (Xin Qiji) are among them.
Third, named after military martial arts
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, due to the frequent merger war between the vassal states, a group of civilians entered the ranks of the nobility because of their outstanding military achievements. Therefore, many people came to the army to realize their own ideals; others also practiced martial arts for the protection of their own needs. To a certain extent, the whole society is filled with advocating martial arts and paying attention to the martial arts. At that time, there were many names that reflected this kind of thinking of the world. Such as: 御寇、护军、却敌、辟兵、右军、持弓、弄弓、胜客、武强, and so on. Moreover, some women also have these words in their names. According to the literature, there is a woman named 陈持弓 (Chen Chigong) who broke into the palace when she was nine years old. The name "Chen ChiGong" reflects the mentality of his parents who hope that their daughters can be as good as men and defend their country. In the Han Dynasty, the northern minorities represented by the Xiongnu often invaded the south, threatening the security of the Central Plains. The prolonged military confrontation caused a weak state and a weakened army and people. People were eager for national stability and live and work in peace. Therefore, many people use words in their names that reflect the war mentality or reflect the determination and temperament of defeating the enemy, such as 罢兵、破虏、灭胡、斫胡、敦胡、屠胡、胜胡、敦胡、破戎、却戎, and so on.
Fourth, named after birth place or birth time
The ancients have many names that reflect the birthplace, birthplace or time of birth. Some of them refer to their place of origin or place of birth by region or country name. Such names include: 鲁人、梁人、吴人、越人、楚人、荆人、楚仆, etc. Some of them refer to the name of the county or the place of birth, such as 五鹿、常山、琅、章丘、邯郸、中山、右阿、于陵、郢人、桂林, and so on. In the literature and ancient ancestors of the pre-Qin period, those who used the land as their ancestors often used their ancestors' residences as their surnames. These practices of using the place of birth as their own name are similar to those of the land, because they are forced to leave their homeland because of the irresistible factors such as the demise of the country or the annexation of the place of life, in order to express their nostalgia for their homeland. Name or for the name. Some refer to ethnic minorities as ethnic groups or origins, such as 羌人、胡人、胡竖、匈奴、胡囚、义渠、戎奴. Others are named after the birth time such as September, such as 九月(September)、五月(May)、 中月、稷月、十一月(November), and so on. The ideology of the Yin and Yang dynasties in the Han Dynasty was popular. People’s activities were often determined by the choice of the day. They expected the birth time of their children to be the most auspicious day.
Fifth, in the name of strengthening the words of self-cultivation
In the Qin and Han Dynasties, Confucianism has gradually become the dominant idea of the society and has had an important impact on people's lives. At that time, the names of many people reflected the Confucian thought of self-cultivation and the rule of the country. Strengthening self-cultivation and embodying the names of people who believe in loyalty and ethics include: respectfulness, CITIC, Minxin, Xinzhong, Changxian, Xianyou, Xinzhi, Renzhi, Zhizhi, Xinshi, Renshi, Xianliang, Kuanxin, Fengde, Xincheng, Friends, Guangde, Junjun and so on. Some people's names reflect the loyalty and patriotism, and they hope that they can realize the desire of Anbang to settle the country, such as loyalty, Fengjun, Lizhu, Anzhu, Aijun, Junyi, belly, Jinjun, Anhan, Fengguo, Liguo, Anshi. , Anguo, Dingguo, and the country. Others are the names that embody the virtues of respecting the deities, such as devotion, filial piety, filial piety, kindness, support for the elderly, family, and relatives. There are also a lot of content in this aspect of the pre-Qin and Qin-Han period, especially the content of self-cultivation, such as 敬事、敬上、敬老、敬忠、敬守、忠信、忠爱、慎事、慎言、信士、仁士、安民、和众, and so on. Therefore, it is no coincidence that these words, which are based on the words of strengthening their moral character, are strikingly similar to the maxims of the same period.
At that time, there was so much content and name in the auspicious seal of the auspicious language that was worn by him. This shows that self-cultivation is the premise that one can act alone, embodying the Confucian emphasis on self-cultivation, from the other side. It also reflects that Confucianism has had a wide impact on the society at the time.
Sixth, in the name of other auspicious words
"吉" means auspicious meaning. "幸" was originally meant to be without disaster. The auspicious words of happiness and luck in the Han Dynasty came from the development of “no disaster”. "喜" is similar to "乐", that is, the meaning of joy. In short, the ancient Chinese names contain rich content. Although the above is the most representative aspect, it discusses the characteristics of ancient people's names, but by analyzing them and related materials, we can not only be used for ancient generations. There is a more comprehensive understanding of the pursuit of happiness and tranquility in life, and it can have an overall understanding of the ideology of the society at that time. At the same time, as an ancient seal of precious cultural relics and linguistic materials, it also has important reference value for studying ancient names and the social appearance at that time.